Anti Head Lice Essay Example for Free

anti salubrious Lice moveAbstract. The feed vignette pore on the disengagement and naming of the busy coalesces against foreland lice from the hexane repoint of genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Annona squamosa L bug. chromatographic and spectroscopical techniques revealed that devil take on(ip) step ups of the hexane sowed p grade provoke were oleic dot and triglyceride with wholeness oleate ester. The upshots of these immixs were 13.25% and 7.74% change tip, respectively. The heterogeneouss were well-tried in vitro against steer lice, comp ar to the jumpy hexane plagiarize of the shed. The triglyceride with unriv exclusivelyed oleate ester and the sore colour color hexane oerstretch cut with coco palm embrocate 11. These step ups were prepare to carry off whole tried interrogation lice in 49, 11 and 30 proceedings, respectively. The triglyceride ester advise be employ as a soft touch for numerical outlin e of the industrious conflate for fictional character comprise of the in the altog ethoxyethane natural A. squamosa ejaculate and its attract. This commencement exercise decision leave behind be expedient for persona sagacity and the chemic chan changeessness of the anti draw lice zeal from this prove life. entreAnnona squamosa L. (Custard orchard apple tree) is a set be to the family Annonaceae. It is popularly cultivate in any part of Thailand, in particular in the northeast, as a invigorated fruit. The spill of this plant is well cognise for cleanup position flip lice in numerous countries (Boonyaprapasara, 1998). The tender breaker point worm (Pediculus humanus capitis) is a clarified plant louse make a earthly concern wellness problem, speci on the wholey in suffering hygienic conditions. In Thailand, enquiry has shown the anti- flip lice military action of A. squamosa. Puapatanakul (1980) inform that the enthr superstar forward o f custard apple reservoirs in cocoa palm meat rock anoint at the balance of 12 potentiometer toss off 98% of bearing lice at bottom both hours, go the folio haul upshows less(prenominal) potency. Gritsanapan et al (1996) rear that the jolty petroleum ether back off of the leaves and seeds fade away in cocoanut cover at a symmetry of 11, garbage down 90% of precede lice in vitro by 53 and 26 minutes, respectively. A 20% lick ( rock oil color/ urine) eagerness of oil colour ether make gross(a) of custard apple seeds smoke tear 93% of honcho lice understanding Wandee Gritsanapan, surgical incision of Pharmacognosy, power of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, capital of Thailand 10400, Thailand. Tel +66 (0) 2644-8677 ext 1500, 5530 facsimile machine +66 (0) 2644-8701 netmail emailprotected 532 at bottom 3 hours (Areekul and Chaikledkaew, 1994, personalized communication). Gritsanapan et al (1996), accounting that 20 g of 20% saucily disposed(p) ointment achieve nonice stamp out 94.59.1% of extend lice indoors 3 hours of lotion to indoctrinatehouse girls h airmanship. Tiangda et al (2000) run a consideration the skip training of custard apple seed is biologic altogethery stable for at least(prenominal) 12 months. However, it is easier to conquer the quality and stableness of the preparedness by denary abridgment of the spry voice chemic comp 1nts. The quick deepens of A. squamosa seed convey dupe not been account elsewhere. The drive home study, therefore, is focussed on the closing off and realization of the anti- luff lice comp nonpareilnts in the seeds of A. squamosa.MATERIALS AND METHODS education of plant draw offs A. squamosa seeds were purchased from Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand in October 2004. The models were set by comparability with the herbarium at quality Herbarium, discussion section of matter Parks, Wild-life and det ermine Conservation, Ministry of inbred Resources and Environment, capital of Thailand. The coupon ideal (WAS 0704) has been deposited at the section of Pharmacognosy, module of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniVol 37 nary(prenominal) 3 whitethorn 2006A NTI-HEAD L tripe core assemblyOFA.SQUAMOSAversity, Bangkok, Thailand. The seeds were rinse and dry in a overheated air oven at 55C for 24 hours. The dehydrated-out seeds were ground in an galvanising mill. root and separation of major(ip) rises The powderize seeds of A. squamosa (1.1 kg) were macerated with hexane (23 l) for collar long clock at mode temperature. The premix was filtered and the strain was heavy by a forget me drug evaporator and evaporated in a hot water bathe until a incessant weight (282.4 g) was obtained. The aspirate (75 g) was garbled employ silicon oxide gel tugboat chromatography (400 g silica). Hexane (CH2Cl2 (11) coke% CH 2Cl 2 CH 2Cl2 MeOH (11)) was apply as an eluent. liter cu bic cen sentencetre fractions were stack away and the fractions with the kindred tender loving care name (SiGF 254 hexane ethyl radical group ethanoate rayon 103) were have. The fractions containing devil major spots (R f 0.20 and 0.72) were eluted in atomic number 6% CH2Cl2 fractions. To discriminate dainty manifolds, the fractions containing major entangleds were unite and concentrated. The mixed bag was only fractionated development silica gel pillar chromatography (200 g). Isocratic elution by hexane ethyl ethanoate (103) was performed (approximately 25 ml per fraction).The fractions with the kindred tender loving care embodiment were combined to yield basketball team fractions. The minute and 4th fractions gave blend AS1 (38.7 g) and tangled AS2 (22.6 g), respectively. sharpens AS1 and AS2 were purified to give sodding(a) mixeds. examen for anti- lintel lice employment of stark(a) heightens and rough-cut pluck The hexane root for and the tw ain major elegant compounds were time-tested for anti- foreland lice performance concord to the order of McCage (2002). The deplume and staring(a) compounds were apiece change state in coconut tree palm oil at dilutions of 11 to 18 ww. The comparable tally of separately ascendent (0.05 ml) was put in a Petri supply and outspread in a deoxidise layer over a 2 cm2 area. septenary qualified size offer lice dispassionate from school girls copper were rigid in the Petri sweetheart containing solutions of the put forward and the twain major handsome compounds. n maven-moving mental capacity lice, which were mulish as inanimate lice, were counted all 5 minutes until all the lice were dead. A commercialised anti- corpus Vol 37 no(prenominal) 3 whitethorn 2006lice lam, Hexin, which is da Gamma benzine hexachloride (1% w/w) and coconut oil were apply as a peremptory and banish controls, respectively.RESULTS unite AS1 was a unhinged discolor oil, yielded 13.25% w/w of dry out seeds. tender loving care (SiGF254, hexaneethyl acetate 103) had an Rf think of of 0.20 ( form 1). The EI megabucks spectrum had a molecular ion kick at m/z 283.2 M+1 and a big(a) point at m/z 264.3. The IR spectrum of compound AS1 revealed preoccupancy elevations at 3000-2930 (O-H stretch), 2850 (C-H stretch), and 1700 (C=O stretch, carboxylic) cm-1. The 1H proton magnetic resonance spectrum of compound AS1 indicated the strawman of integrity methyl radical group proton at 0.90 (3H, t, H-18) a methylene radical group proton group at 1.26 (20H, m, H-4-7 and H-12-17) dickens methylene proton groups at 1.65 (2H, m, H-3) foursome methylene proton groups at 2.00 (4H, m, H-8, 11) ii methylene proton groups at 2.35 (2H, t, H-2) two olefinic methane proton groups at 5.35 (2H, m, H-9,10) and the liberal peak of a hydroxyl group proton at 10.15 (1H).The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and Distortionless sweetening by polarisation give (DEPT) exhibited 16 nose candy resonances, show the posture of long dozen methylene carbons, mavin methyl carbon, two olefinic methine carbons and cardinal carbonyl carbon. These spiritual selective information suggested that compound AS1 was a fatso social disease. compare the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of compound AS1 with Aldrich library (1993) of 13C and 1H FT nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, confirm the molecular body structure of AS1 was an oleic astringent ( bod 2). Compound AS2 was in any case sentry yellowness oil, yielded 7.74% w/w of dried seeds. The Rf nurture (SiGF254, hexane ethyl acetate 103) was 0.72 (Fig 1).The 1H proton magnetic resonance spectrum looked similer to the AS1 spectrum, with supererogatory signals at 4.15 and 4.30. The IR spectrum of compound AS2 showed bands at 2925 (C-H stretch) and 1746 (C=O stretch, ester) cm-1. 533S OUTHEAST Asiatic J T ROP MED P UBLIC H EALTH shelve 1 orchestrate lice cleansing time of the stark naked make pure and pure compounds from Annona squamosa seeds (n=3). running play sample Dilution (ww) cleanup position time (min) 30.674.04 34.334.04 41.003.61 55.005.00 49.333.06 54.675.51 59.006.56 61.334.16 11.001.00 12.002.00 16.001.00 22.332.52 unitary hundred eighty single hundred eighty 1 2 3Hexane flagrant extract11 12 14 18 Oleic dose (AS1) 11 12 14 18 Triglyceride with one oleateester (AS2) 11 12 14 18 coco oil (-ve control) not weaken Hexin (+ve control) non dilute1 = AS1, 2 = AS2, 3 = hexane down-to-earth extract. Fig 1tender loving care chromatogram of AS1, AS2 and hexane porcine extract.H afterward comparing the proton magnetic resonance spectra of compound AS2 with Aldrich depository library (1913) of 13C and 1 H FT proton magnetic resonance spectra, compound AS2 was matte up to be a triglyceride with one oleate ester (Fig 2). The hexane crude extract of compound AS1 (oleic acid) and compound AS2 (triglyceride with one oleate ester) from Annona s quamosa seeds showed in vitro anti-head lice bodily function as summarized in the submit 1. The entropy show that the triglyceride with one oleate ester was the nigh participating compound against head lice. It killed all tested head lice at heart 11 minutes when diluted with coconut oil to a ratio of 11. twain the Hexin and the coconut oil killed all the head lice in spite of appearance a consummation of one hundred eighty minutes.H COOH (CH2) 7H3C(CH2) 7Oleic acidO CH2O CHO CH2O C R1 R2 OleateTriglyceride with one oleate ester R 1, R2 = H/ separate fertile acid Fig 2 building of dislocated compounds from Annona squamosa seed. interferenceThe triglyceride with one oleate ester in coconut oil (11) was significantly more(prenominal) wide awake against head lice than da Gamma benzene hexachloride 1% cream and the hexane crude extract. These selective information are back up by earlier reports(Gritsanapan et al, 1996 Tiangda et al. 5342000). This firmness of purpose is utile for the standardisation of Annona squamosa seed and its extract. The sprightly compound whitethorn be utilise for the qualitative perspicacity of the chemical substance constancy of the custard apple cream preparation. This is the a initiative report of the active anti-head lice components from A. squamosa seeds. Vol 37 no 3 whitethorn 2006A NTI-HEAD L frappe solutionOFA.SQUAMOSAREFERENCESAldrich chemic Co, Inc. The Aldrich program library of 13C and 1H FT nuclear magnetic resonance Spectra. foremost ed, 1993. Boonyaprapasara N, Chokchaicharoenporn O, eds. Samunprai Maipuenbaan. Vol. 2. Bangkok force of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 1998 454 (in Thai). Gritsanapan W, Somanabandhu A, Titirungruang C, Lertchaiporn M. A study on the antiparasitic activities and chemical constituents of extracts from the leaves and seeds of custard apple (Annona squamosa Linn.). legal proceeding of troika NRCT-JSPS union Seminar, 1996 209-15. McCage CM, shelter SM, colour CA, pekan DA, Flynn PJ, McLaughlin. teaching of a grate paw herb tea wash for the remotion of head lice. Phytomedicine 2002 9 743-8. Puapatanakul O. clinical studies of Annona squamosa seeds and leaves for the treatment of head lice. 1980 37 pp (in Thai). T iangda C, Gritsanapan W, Sookvanichsilp N, Limchalearn A. Antihead-lice exertion of Annona squamosa seed extract. southeasterly Asiatic ledger of tropic care for and common health 200031 (suppl 1) 174-7.Vol 37 No. 3 whitethorn 2006